Harbour Seals

The Salish Sea is home to an incredible diversity of marine life, and among its most familiar inhabitants are harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). These charismatic marine mammals are a common sight along the coastline, often seen lounging on rocky outcroppings, sandbars, and even the occasional dock.

Are Harbour Seals Friendly?

Harbour seals are naturally curious but are not considered friendly in the way domestic animals are. While they may approach boats or kayakers out of curiosity, they are wild animals and should be observed from a respectful distance to avoid stress or disturbance. We do not recommend approaching harbour seals, as they can be aggressive when fearful or distressed.

Are There Harbour Seals in Canada?

Yes! Harbour seals are found along the many coastlines of Canada, particularly in British Columbia’s Salish Sea, as well as in the Atlantic Ocean along Canada’s eastern shores. They are one of the most widespread pinnipeds in the northern hemisphere. There are many more pinnipeds in our waters, such as the Steller sea lions, the California sea lions and Northern Elephant Seals!

What is the Difference Between a Grey Seal and a Harbour Seal?

Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) are larger than harbour seals and have a more elongated snout, giving them a distinctly different facial profile. Harbour seals have rounder faces and V-shaped nostrils, while grey seals have a longer nose and a more prominent forehead.

How Do You Identify a Harbour Seal?

Harbour seals can be identified by their rounded heads, large dark eyes, and spotted coats that vary in color from gray to brown. Unlike sea lions, they lack external ear flaps and move on land using a distinctive undulating motion rather than walking on their flippers.

Life in the Salish Sea: Diet, Conservation and Role in the Ecosystem

Harbour seals are well-adapted to life in the cold, nutrient-rich waters of the Salish Sea. They have a thick layer of blubber that keeps them warm and a spotted coat that provides excellent camouflage against the rocky shoreline. Unlike sea lions, which use their large front flippers to walk on land, harbour seals move by undulating their bodies in a caterpillar-like motion. They spend much of their time resting on land, known as “hauling out,” which is essential for regulating body temperature, avoiding predators, and giving birth.

As opportunistic feeders, harbour seals have a varied diet that includes fish, squid, and crustaceans. Their presence is an important indicator of the health of the Salish Sea’s ecosystem. They, in turn, are prey for Bigg’s/Transient killer whales, which rely on a diet of marine mammals. The balance between these species highlights the interconnectedness of the region’s marine food web.

Harbour seals are naturally curious but should always be observed from a respectful distance. Approaching too closely can cause stress and disrupt their natural behaviours. In Canada, these seals are protected under the Marine Mammal Regulations of the Fisheries Act, which prohibits harassment or disturbance. While harbour seal populations in the Salish Sea are stable, threats such as pollution, entanglement in fishing gear, and habitat degradation continue to be concerns.

Where to See Them

If you’re exploring the Salish Sea, you’re likely to spot harbour seals near sheltered bays, estuaries, and rocky shores. Whether you’re on a kayak tour or a whale-watching adventure, keep an eye out for these curious creatures popping their heads above the water—often referred to as “sea puppies” for their round faces and large, expressive eyes. Join us on a tour to see these cuties in real life!

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