Killer Whales’ Distinctive Characteristics

Killer whales are easily recognizable due to their black-and-white appearance, large size and stocky bodies. But how can we distinguish one killer whale from another and identify them within a specific pod or family? The key lies in their unique features. Naturalists often rely on their individual patches and fins to differentiate between individuals. These features not only enhance the whales’ dramatic appearance but also serve as vital tools for tracking and studying them. In this blog, we’ll delve into the unique characteristics used to identify Bigg’s (transient) killer whales. Let’s dive in!

Killer Whales Patches

Eyepatch: The post-ocular eyepatches on killer whales likely serve multiple functions, including camouflage (‘countershading’), recognition of other whales, and coordination during hunts. These eyepatches may also be false targets to protect their real eyes. Each individual eyepatch is unique, much like a human fingerprint. For example, Elkugu’s right eyepatch is quite distinctive, with its triangular cutout on the leading edge.

Saddle patches: All killer whales have a distinctive saddle patch on their backs—a grayish-white area located just behind and extending below their dorsal fin. Bigg’s killer whales are easily recognizable by their unique saddle patches, which are usually “closed,” meaning that they’re a solid gray colour.

Flank patch: The flank patch on a killer whale is a distinctive white area located on the underside of its body. This patch typically extends up to the lower sides of the whale and curves back toward the base of its fluke.

Killer Whales’ Fins

Dorsal Fins: In mature male killer whales, the dorsal fin is notable for its tall, triangular shape, which can reach impressive heights of up to 6 feet, making it the tallest dorsal fin among all cetaceans. In contrast, females have a smaller dorsal fin that is typically slightly curved backward, reaching about 3 feet in height.

Pectoral Fins: Killer whale pectoral fins are rounded and paddle-shaped, which helps them navigate through the water with better maneuverability and stabilization. For males, these fins can reach up to 6 feet in length and span about 3 feet in width, providing them with excellent stability.

Tail Fin (fluke): The tail fin, or fluke, of a killer whale is crucial for swimming, allowing these whales to move through the water at speeds of up to 30 km/h (in short bursts). Killer whales also frequently use their flukes to slap the water’s surface to communicate when hunting and socializing. Additionally, the unique patterns of scars, nicks, and the overall shape of each fluke can aid in identifying individual whales.

Orcas are amongst our favourite cetaceans, and watching them in the wild is always an incredible experience. Come watch them with us!